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1.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 5(2): 121-129, abr-jun /2017. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-875675

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Immunoglobulins, soluble antigens, cells, cytokines and other immune system products can be transferred from infected mother to her offspring, leading to suppression or stimulation of immune response. Objective: To evaluate the influence of gender and maternal infection with Leishmania braziliensis in the course of the disease in the offspring of hamsters. Methods: Offspring born from infected mother (IMO) or non-infected mother (NIMO) by Leishmania braziliensis, both sexes, was infected with the same strain of the mother after 30 days of life and followed for 18 weeks. We evaluated the thickness of the lesion, parasite load and histology of the lesions. Results: The number of parasite in both lesions and lymph node of IMO offspring showed a significant reduction in the 5th week post-infection compared to the NIMO offspring; however, this did not correspond to clinical symptoms. Histopathological analysis revealed that in the IMO offspring, the inflammatory process was more prominent. In relation to gender, it was observed that the male offspring showed lesion thickness and higher parasite burden than females. Conclusion: Maternal infection by L. braziliensis in hamsters does not appear to influence the course of the disease in the homologous offspring infection, as well as the male offspring presented augmented susceptibility to L. braziliensis infection regardless of whether they were born from IMO or NIMO. Also, the reduction of the granuloma index in the IMO offspring, together with the higher inflammatory response, suggests a less effective cellular response in the chronic phase of the disease in these animals. (AU)


Introdução: Imunoglobulinas, antígenos solúveis, células, citocinas e outros produtos do sistema imune podem ser transferidos de mãe infectada para a sua prole, levando à supressão ou estimulação da resposta imune. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do gênero e a infecção materna por Leishmania braziliensis no curso da doença na prole de hamsters. Métodos: Filhotes nascidos de mãe infectada (MI) e mãe não infectada (MNI) por L. braziliensis, ambos os sexos, foram infectados com a mesma cepa da mãe após 30 dias de vida e acompanhados por 18 semanas. Avaliou-se a espessura da lesão, a carga parasitária e os aspectos histopatológicos das lesões. Resultados: A carga parasitária (lesões e linfonodo de drenagem das lesões) da prole nascida de MI mostrou diminuição significativa na 5a semana pós-infecção, comparada àquela nascida de MNI, no entanto, esta diminuição não correspondeu aos sintomas clínicos. A análise histopatológica revelou que na prole nascida de MI, o processo inflamatório mostrou-se mais proeminente. Em relação ao gênero observou-se que os filhotes machos apresentaram espessura das lesões e carga parasitária maiores do que as fêmeas. Conclusão: A infecção materna por L. braziliensis parece não influenciar o curso da doença na infecção homóloga da prole, bem como os filhotes machos apresentaram aumentada susceptibilidade à infecção por L. braziliensis, independente se eles nasceram de MI ou MNI. Além disso, a redução no index de granulomas na prole nascida de MI, em conjunto com a maior resposta inflamatória, sugere uma resposta celular menos efetiva na fase crônica da doença nestes animais. (AU)


Subject(s)
Leishmania braziliensis , Cricetinae , Infections
2.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 5(1): 5-15, jan.-mar./2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-875779

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) is a self-ligand receptor on the surface of activated T- and B-lymphocytes, macrophages, and DC. Studies have shown PBMC from healthy individuals exposed to Leishmania differ in IFN-γ production. Objective: We investigated the role of SLAM signaling pathway in PMBC from high (HP) and low (LP) IFN-γ producers exposed to L. braziliensis in vitro. Methods: PBMC from 43 healthy individuals were cultured with or without antigen, α-SLAM, rIL-12 and rIFN-γ. The cytokines production was evaluated by ELISA, and SLAM expression by flow cytometry. Results: L. braziliensis associated with rIFN-γ or rIL-12 reduced early SLAM but did not modify this response later in HP. α-SLAM did not alter CD3+SLAM+ expression, and not affected IFN-γ and IL-13 production, in both groups, but increased significantly IL-10 in HP. Leishmania associated with α-SLAM and rIL-12 increased IFN-γ in LP, as well as IL-13 in HP. LP group presented low IFN-γ and IL-13 production, and low SLAM expression. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings suggest that when PBMC from healthy individuals are sensitized with L. braziliensis in vitro, SLAM acts in modulating Th1 response in HP individuals and induces a condition of immunosuppression in LP individuals. (AU)


Introdução: A molécula de sinalização para ativação linfocítica (SLAM) é um receptor autoligante na superfície de linfócitos T e B ativados, macrófagos e DC. Estudos têm mostrado que PBMC de indivíduos saudáveis expostos à Leishmania diferem na produção de IFN-γ. Objetivo: Nós investigamos o papel da via de sinalização de SLAM em PMBC de altos produtores de IFN-γ (AP) e baixos (BP) expostos à L. braziliensis in vitro. Métodos: PBMC de 43 indivíduos saudáveis foram cultivadas com ou sem antígeno, α-SLAM, rIL-12 e rIFN-γ. Foi avaliada a produção de citocinas por ELISA e expressão de SLAM por citometria de fluxo. Resultados: L. braziliensis associado a rIFN-γ ou rIL-12 reduziu a expressão inicial de SLAM, mas não modificou esta resposta mais tarde em AP. α-SLAM não alterou a expressão de CD3+SLAM+, e não afetou a produção de IFN-γ e IL-13, em ambos os grupos, mas aumentou significativamente IL-10 em AP. Leishmania associada a α-SLAM e rIL-12 aumentou IFN-γ em BP, assim como IL-13 em AP. BP apresentaram baixa produção de IFN-γ e IL-13 e baixa expressão de SLAM. Conclusão: Coletivamente, esses achados sugerem que quando PBMC de indivíduos saudáveis são sensibilizados por L. braziliensis in vitro, SLAM atua na modulação da resposta Th1 em indivíduos AP e induz uma condição de imunossupressão em indivíduos BP. (AU)


Subject(s)
Leishmania braziliensis , Cytokines , Immunosuppression Therapy , Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(6): 658-664, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767818

ABSTRACT

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The dengue classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009 is considered more sensitive than the classification proposed by the WHO in 1997. However, no study has assessed the ability of the WHO 2009 classification to identify dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the WHO 2009 classification to identify dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue in Northeast Brazil, where the disease is endemic. METHODS: This retrospective study included 121 autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue in Northeast Brazil during the epidemics of 2011 and 2012. All the autopsied individuals included in this study were confirmed to have dengue based on the findings of laboratory examinations. RESULTS: The median age of the autopsied individuals was 34 years (range, 1 month to 93 years), and 54.5% of the individuals were males. According to the WHO 1997 classification, 9.1% (11/121) of the cases were classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 3.3% (4/121) as dengue shock syndrome. The remaining 87.6% (106/121) of the cases were classified as dengue with complications. According to the 2009 classification, 100% (121/121) of the cases were classified as severe dengue. The absence of plasma leakage (58.5%) and platelet counts <100,000/mm3 (47.2%) were the most frequent reasons for the inability to classify cases as DHF. CONCLUSIONS: The WHO 2009 classification is more sensitive than the WHO 1997 classification for identifying dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dengue/classification , Severity of Illness Index , World Health Organization , Autopsy , Brazil/epidemiology , Dengue/epidemiology , Epidemics , Retrospective Studies , Severe Dengue/epidemiology , Symptom Assessment/standards
4.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 39(3): 450-455, jul.-set. 2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-766226

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Relatar a experiência da aplicação de material didático composto por catálogo com imagens macroscópicas e microscópicas, disponível em meio impresso e digital, acompanhado de coleções de lâminas, instrumento criado por alunos do mestrado e iniciação científica, focando a autonomia do aprendizado em Patologia Humana para os alunos da graduação. Métodos Foi elaborado um questionário para ser aplicado aos alunos, para avaliação de resultados alcançados pelo modelo criado, que será oferecido aos estudantes de diversos cursos que possuem a disciplina de Patologia Humana, oferecida na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). O catálogo relata a história e evolução da doença de uma paciente com tuberculose sistêmica, suas manifestações clínicas, exames físicos e laboratoriais, além de achados de necropsia, com diferentes aspectos da resposta inflamatória. Resultados Os alunos que viveram esta experiência se manifestaram a favor da implantação da nova ferramenta como material didático da disciplina e sua manutenção nos laboratórios. Conclusão A inovação nas aulas é necessária, e este modelo surge como um material complementar para a melhoria e motivação das aulas práticas no tema proposto.


ABSTRACT Objective To reporting on the application of new teaching material composed of a catalog with macroscopic and microscopic images, available in print and digital media, accompanied by slides of collections. This instrument was created by Master’s and Scientific Initiation students, focusing on the undergraduate students’ autonomy in learning Human Pathology. Methods A questionnaire was developed to be administered to students to assess the results achieved by the new model, which will be available to students whose courses require attending Human Pathology classes at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) Medical School. The catalog describes the history and evolution of the disease in a patient with systemic tuberculosis, its clinical manifestations, physical and laboratorial tests and autopsy findings, with different aspects of the inflammatory response. Results The students who assessed this model were in favor of its implementation as teaching material for Human Pathology classes and its maintenance in laboratories. Conclusion Innovation in classes is necessary and this model emerges as supplementary material for the improvement and motivation of practical classes on the proposed theme.

5.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(2): 108-114, 02/2015.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1456226

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of preconditioning with oils mixes containing ω3/ω6/ω9 associated with micro-currents on skin repair in rats. METHODS: One-hundred and eight Wistar rats randomized into G-1, G-2 and G-3 groups were treated with saline (0.9%), mix 1 (corn+soybean oils) and mix 2 (olive+canola+flaxseed oils), respectively, in a single dose (0.01ml/g) by gavage. Next, each group was subdivided into sham and stimulated subgroups. Pulsed-wave microcurrents (0.5 µA, 0.5 Hz) were applied to stimulated subgroups for 20 min. One hour later anesthetized rats were subjected to surgery. A dorsal incision (6 cm long) was carried out and closed with interrupted nylon sutures. Samples (1cm2 ) were harvested from the mid-portion of the incision on the 7, 14, 21 post-operative (P.O.) days. Variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney/Dunn tests Significance level was set to 5 % (p<0.05). RESULTS: Micro-currents promoted increase of exudate and reduction of epithelialization on day 7 in G1 rats. Mixes 1/2 reduced vascularization on 7/14th days P.O. Both 1/2 mixes reduced fibrosis on day 14. Preconditioning with mix 1 led to increased expression of NF-kB on the 7th day. CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with microcurrents has pro-inflammatory effects while oil mixes 1 and 2 decrease fibrosis and vascularization in the proliferative phase of cicatrization.


Subject(s)
Animals , Wound Healing/physiology , Electroshock , Skin , Fatty Acids/analysis , Rats/classification
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(2): 107-114, 02/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741027

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of preconditioning with oils mixes containing ω3/ω6/ω9 associated with micro-currents on skin repair in rats. METHODS: One-hundred and eight Wistar rats randomized into G-1, G-2 and G-3 groups were treated with saline (0.9%), mix 1 (corn+soybean oils) and mix 2 (olive+canola+flaxseed oils), respectively, in a single dose (0.01ml/g) by gavage. Next, each group was subdivided into sham and stimulated subgroups. Pulsed-wave microcurrents (0.5 µA, 0.5 Hz) were applied to stimulated subgroups for 20 min. One hour later anesthetized rats were subjected to surgery. A dorsal incision (6 cm long) was carried out and closed with interrupted nylon sutures. Samples (1cm2) were harvested from the mid-portion of the incision on the 7, 14, 21 post-operative (P.O.) days. Variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney/Dunn tests Significance level was set to 5 % (p<0.05). RESULTS: Micro-currents promoted increase of exudate and reduction of epithelialization on day 7 in G1 rats. Mixes 1/2 reduced vascularization on 7/14th days P.O. Both 1/2 mixes reduced fibrosis on day 14. Preconditioning with mix 1 led to increased expression of NF-kB on the 7th day. CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with microcurrents has pro-inflammatory effects while oil mixes 1 and 2 decrease fibrosis and vascularization in the proliferative phase of cicatrization. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/therapeutic use , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/therapeutic use , Skin/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effects , Fibrosis/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Skin/blood supply , Skin/pathology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
8.
Periodontia ; 20(2): 69-75, 2010. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-642339

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar morfometricamente o efeito do óleo essencial do Croton zehntneri (OECz), na perda óssea decorrente da periodontite induzida em ratos. Quarenta ratos Wistar fêmeas foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de vinte (controle, n=20 e teste, n=20), nos quais foi induzida periodontite através de ligadura. No grupo teste foi aplicado 0,1 ml de OECz, ao redor do dente com o fio de sutura, diariamente a partir do quinto dia após a indução da periodontite até o 11º dia. No grupo controle não foi aplicada nenhuma substância. Os animais foram sacrificados no 12º dia, a maxila removida e as peças foram submetidas à avaliação morfométrica. As hemiarcadas foram analisadas em microscópio óptico e ocular graduada para se efetuar as medidas. O índice de perda óssea (IPO)em mm foi calculado e a comparação das médias de perda óssea foi realizada estatisticamente pelo teste não - paramétrico de Mann-Whitney em nível de significância de 5%. Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significante do IPO entre os grupos, favorecendo o grupo teste (p < 0,05). Os valores médios demonstraram que, comparativamente ao grupo controle, o grupo teste demonstrou uma menor perda óssea alveolar no primeiro molar (11,1 vs 16,4mm), no segundo molar (11,2 vs 14,2 mm) e no terceiro molar(3,8 vs 5,9mm). Portanto, a aplicação tópica do óleo essencial do croton zehntneri (OECZ) inibiu parcialmente a perda óssea provocada pela periodontite induzida em ratos.


The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of the essential oil from Croton zehntneri (OECz) on the bone lossrate in rats. Experimental periodontitis was induced in forty Wistar female rats (control, n=20 and test, n=20) by placingnylon ligatures around the upper molars. In the test group OECz (0.1ml) was applied topically around the tooth withligature from day 5 to day 11. In the control group none substance was used. At day 12, all animals were sacrificed,maxillas were removed and they were evaluated by morphometric analysis. The hemimandibulas were defleshed and the measurements were performed by stereoscopic microscopic. Measurements of the bone loss (in mm) were conducted and bone loss index (BLI) was calculated. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney test at 5% significant level was used to compare means among groups. There was astatistically significant difference of the BLI between groups, favoring the test group (p<0.05). Mean BLI values showedthat, by comparison to control group, the test group demonstrated a lower bone loss for the first molar (11.1 vs 16.4mm), second molar (11.2 vs 14.2mm) and third molar. Thus, the topical application of the essential oil of croton zehntneri (OECZ) inhibited partially the bone loss in a ligature induced periodontitis model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alveolar Bone Loss , Periodontitis
9.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 17(4): 911-921, out.-dez. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-621200

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, em virtude das ações de controle, a transmissão vetorial da doença de Chagas foi reduzida. Por outro lado, vêm se destacando casos de transmissão por via oral. Esse trabalho relata a investigação de um surto de doença de Chagas aguda ocorrido no interior do Ceará no ano de 2006, cuja transmissão se deu provavelmente por via oral. O estudo foi realizado através de revisão de prontuários; entrevistas com pacientes, familiares e profissionais de saúde; achados laboratoriais e da investigação ambiental e entomológica. A microepidemia acometeu 8 integrantes de uma família que estiveram juntos nas férias do mês de janeiro de 2006. Duas mulheres e seis crianças, com idade variando entre 2 e 35 anos. Todos apresentaram quadro inicial de febre, cefaleia, náuseas, vômitos, mialgia e diarreia. Três semanas após o início dos sintomas apresentaram quadro de edema de membros inferiores e de face. Ao exame físico, além de edema, todos apresentaram hepatoesplenomegalia e linfoadenomegalia. O diagnóstico foi confirmado através da demonstração direta de amastigota em linfonodo, tecido muscular e medula. Anticorpos IgM contra Trypanosoma cruzi foram detectados em soro pelo método de hemaglutinação indireta. Todas as culturas para Trypanosoma cruzi foram positivas. A possível fonte de contaminação foi uma sopa à qual tinham sido adicionados coentro e cebolinha liquidificados, provenientes de uma horta domiciliar.


In Brazil, due to control actions, vectorial transmission of Chagas? disease has been largely reduced. On the other hand, oral transmission cases are showing up. This work reports the investigation of an outbreak of acute Chagas? disease in the inland of Ceará state in the year 2006 in which transmission occurred probably by oral route. This research was done through analysis of medical records, interviews with patients, their relatives and health professionals, laboratory data and environmental and entomological investigation. The microepidemics hit eight members of a family that were together on vacations in January 2006: two women and six children, ages ranging from 2 to 35 years. All of them shown initial clinical manifestations of headache, nausea, vomit, myalgia and diarrhea. Three weeks after these initial symptoms they shown edema of the lower limbs and face. Under clinical examination, besides edema, all of them shown hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. Diagnostic was confirmed by direct visualization of amastigota forms in lymph nodes, muscular tissue and bone marrow. IgM antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi were detected on the serum by indirect hemagglutination assay. All cultures for Trypanosoma cruzi were positive. The probable contamination source was a stew into which liquid coriander and scallion from an orchard were added.

10.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 9(4): 425-435, dez. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-445209

ABSTRACT

Em algumas áreas endêmicas de leishmaniose tegumentar(LT) causada por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis existem evidências de transmissão domiciliar, e de que cães infectados estariam associados a casos humanos de LT. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados de um estudo realizado na Serra de Baturité, no Ceará, em 1993, quando foram investigadas as evidências de transmissão domiciliar e a associação entre LT humana e infecção canina. Casos humanos de LT foram indivíduos que apresentavam úlceras de bordas elevadas, arredondadas, de diâmetro > 5 mm, duração > 15 dias e uma Reação de Montenegro positiva. Cães soropositivos foram aqueles que apresentavam uma prova de imunofluorescência indireta positiva. A idade foi dividida em dois estratos, de 1 a 10 e 11 a 89 anos. A incidência de LT não estava associada ao sexo (Razão de Incidência (RI) = 1,21; IC 95 por cento: 0,86 - 1,72) e nem à idade (RI = 1,38; IC 95 por cento: 0,97 - 1,96). Para os indivíduos que conviviam com um ou mais cães soropositivos, a incidência de LT humana foi 45 por cento mais elevada (RI = 1,45; IC 95 por cento: 1,02 - 2,06) depois de ajustar para o sexo, e 48 por cento (RI = 1,48 por cento; IC 95 por cento: 1,04 - 2,10) depois de ajustar para idade. Considerando-se o risco domiciliar, a incidência de LT humana foi duas vezes mais elevada (RI = 2,01; IC 95 por cento:1,32 - 3,06) nos domicílios que possuíam um ou mais cães soropositivos. Conclui-se que os indivíduos foram acometidos de LT independente do sexo e da idade e que os casos humanos estavam associados à presença de cães infectados. Portanto, estes resultados suportam a hipótese de transmissão domiciliar da leishmaniose tegumentar na Serra de Baturité, no Ceará.


There is evidence of domestic transmission and infected dogs associated with human cases in some endemic areas for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL), associated with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in Serra de Baturité, State of Ceará, Brazil, aimed to gather evidence on the domestic transmission of cutaneous leishmaniais and the association between human and canine infection. Human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were defined as those with > 5 mm diameter round ulcers and raised borders, lasting at least 15 days and displaying a positive Montenegro skin test. Seropositive dogs were those with a positive indirect immunofluorescence assay. Age was classified into two strata, 1 to 10, and 11 to 89 years. The incidence of ACL was associated neither with gender (Incidence Rate (IR) = 1.21; 95 percent CI: 0.86-1.72), nor with age (IR=1.38; 95 percent CI: 0.97-1.96). The incidence of human ACL was 45 percent higher for those individuals living with seropositive dogs, (IR=1.45; 95 percent CI: 1.02-2.06), after adjustment for gender, and 48 percent higher (RI=1.45; 95 percent CI: 1.02-2.06), adjusting for age. Regarding the domestic risk, the incidence of human ACL was two-fold higher (IR=2.01; 95 percent CI: 1.32-3.06) in those households with one or more seropositive dogs. Humans were infected with L. (V) braziliensis regardless of gender and age, and infected dogs were associated with human ACL. Therefore, these results support the hypothesis of domestic/peridomestic transmission of L. (V) braziliensis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/transmission , Dogs
11.
Salvador; s.n; 2001. 132 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443451

ABSTRACT

(...) Neste trabalho, foram avaliados os eventos iniciais da resposta imune humana à Leishmania amazonensis, através da sensibilização in vitro de CMSP com promastigotas vivas de indivíduos sadios, sem exposição prévia à Leishmania. Os mesmos voluntários foram submetidos à vacinação contra Leishmania amazonensis com uma vacina monocepa produzida pela BIOBRAS, CMSP de 32 voluntários de voluntários sadios foram sensibilizados in vitro com promastigotas vivas, e, em diferentes momentos, foram determinadas as concentrações de citocinas nos sobrenadantes das culturas e o fenótipo das células. (...) Houve uma correlação positiva significativa para todas as citocinas da resposta in vitro, com a da resposta pós vacina inicial, com 40 dias, sugerindo que o sistema de sensibilização in vitro, utilizado neste estudo, tem a capacidade de prever a resposta de sensibilização pós vacinação. Isto indica que este sistema de sensibilização in vitro sisgnifica um importante instrumento no estudo da imuno-regulação da leishmaniose e na triagem de antígenos para vacina.


Subject(s)
Cytokines , Leishmania mexicana/immunology , Immunization , Phenotype
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